To start, prep the broth.
Heat the oil in a pot over medium heat.
Once the oil is hot, add the onion, ginger, peppercorns, cloves and garlic.
Pour in the broth and season with ½ teaspoon salt and bring to a boil.
Once at a boil, reduce the heat to low, cover with the lid slightly ajar, and simmer for at least one hour (the longer you simmer, the more flavorful the broth - I like to simmer it for around 3 to 4 hours).
After the broth has been simmering for desired time, strain through a fine mesh sieve (make sure you don’t discard the broth!).
Discard the veggies and seasonings and return the strained broth to the pot.
Add the MSG (if using) and mix to combine. Taste and adjust seasonings, if necessary. Keep over low heat to keep warm, stirring occasionally.
While the broth is simmering, prepare the tofu.
Place the soy sauce, dark soy sauce, rice vinegar, and brown sugar in a large bowl, and whisk to combine.
Add the tofu and toss until it is thoroughly coated in the seasoning mix. Set aside.
Heat the oil in a large sauté pan over medium heat.
Once the oil is hot, add the onion, garlic and serrano chili. Cook for 1 to 2 minutes.
Season with the cumin, ground ginger, ground coriander and smoked paprika, and continue to cook, stirring to bloom spices, 1 to 2 minutes.
Add the tofu and cook, stirring occasionally, until browned and crisp around the edges, 12 to 15 minutes.
Add the basil, cilantro, and green onion. Continue to cook, stirring often, until just wilted, 2 to 3 minutes.
Taste and adjust seasonings, if necessary.
To serve, add rice to a bowl, top with the cumin-spiced tofu, and ladle in some broth. Garnish with green onion and chili oil, and enjoy!